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Researchers have found that melphalan spiders are known to be the largest of the spinning spiders. Because they are one of the largest web spiders, their webs often exceed 3 feet (1 meter) in diameter. Only the females are giants, with a body length of about 1.5 inches (3.8 cm) and a leg width of 4 to 5 inches (10 to 12 cm), and the males are tiny in comparison. They are also model organisms for studying increased monomorphism and sexual biology.
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Image Nephila clavata dungun Nephila clavata N. clavata < >, golden silk ball spinner
The name golden silk web refers to the color of the spider silk, which is spun by this type of spider. The shine of golden spun silk appears in the sunlight. Xanthuronic acid, two quinones, and a fourth unknown compound work together to produce this golden yellow color. Experimental evidence suggests that the color of the silk may serve two purposes: sunlit spider webs attract bees that are attracted to the bright golden threads, while in shaded areas the yellow color blends in with the background foliage to camouflage itself. The spider can control the intensity of the dye according to the levels of backlighting and color; the range of spectral reflection is tailored specifically to the insect's vision.
The nets of most Nephila spiders are complex, with a fine-meshed web suspended in a maze of glueless mesh nets. Like many gummy snail wringers, the mesh is replenished regularly, even daily, obviously because the mesh's adhesion decreases with age. When the weather is good (and rain has not damaged the net), young and adult Neville often rebuild only part of the net. It removes the spider and consumes the part it wants to replace, builds new radial elements, and then spins new spirals. This partial regeneration of the web is distinguished from other weavers by circular webs that usually replace the entire web.
Image Nephila maculata Lamma Island Nephila. Maculata < > on Lamma Island, Hong Kong
Usually, a golden silk web spinner starts by spinning non-gummy snails (Natasha, the golden silk spider (Nephila Clavipes)) with space for about 2 to 20 more snails between them (the thickness of the snail strands decreases with the size of the spider). When you have finished with the coarse spinning, the female spider returns and fills in the gaps. While most web-spinning spiders remove the non-sticky snail when they start spinning the sticky snail, the Nephila spider leaves it. This leaves the effect of a handwritten paper] when the network of tendrils appears in the sunlight of the clusters of attached spirals that reflect the light while there are gaps where the non-sticky spirals do not reflect the light.
Image Nephila clavipes - Merritt Island NWR Florida N. clavipes spider web in Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge, Florida.
The main circular portion of the adult N. clavipes spider web can measure over 1 m in diameter, with supporting filaments extending several feet further. On the ground, adult spider webs can spin anywhere from eye level to the tree canopy. The spinneret usually appears to be cut with an upper horizontal support thread, giving it an incomplete character.
Distribution
The golden silkworm spreads in the warmer parts of the world and its species are widespread in Australia, Asia, Africa (Madagascar), and the Americas. One of its species, Nephila clavipes, N. clavipes < >, is found in the United States of America, where it spreads in the southeast coastal region from northern California to Texas.
Neville and humans
The poison of the golden silk thread is potent, but not lethal to humans. It is a neurotoxin similar to that of the black widow spider; however, its poison is not as strong. Its bite causes local pain, redness and blistering, but these symptoms usually disappear within a day (although the bite mark may leave a scar).
Efforts have been made to produce Nuffield silk clothing. The spiders were therefore fixed and the thread was extruded and wound until the spider was exhausted. However, this method has not proven to be economically feasible. Heimer, S. (1988). Wunderbare Welt der Spinnen. Uranie< >. p.14
A unique dress woven of golden silk from over a million female golden silk spiders is on display at the American Museum of Natural History. 1 million spiders make golden silk for rare fabric, Wired Science, 09-23 youtube.com /watch?v 2z07dB3sKTs Rare Spider Silk on display at AMNH, YouTube.com, -09-24
Fishermen on the Indo-Pacific shores remove the spider web nets and roll them up, then throw them into the water. And it is unique and stuck to the baitfish.
In Japanese folklore, Gorogomo, a species of yokai, is considered an antelope (Goro spider) that can change its shape to become an attractive woman.
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